Assessments

KEY MESSAGES • Multi-purpose cash assistance (MPCA) contributed to moderate improvements to household food security, with households with an acceptable Food Consumption Score (FCS) increasing by 8 percentage points between baseline and endline. However, moderate hunger and…

KEY MESSAGES • Although average monthly household income increased from KES 5,358 at baseline to KES 7,978 at endline across Dadaab, Kakuma, and Kalobeyei, 94% of households still depended on humanitarian assistance as their main source of…

KEY MESSAGES • Household income and expenditure rose between baseline and endline, with the largest share spent on food and debt repayment for food. Despite these gains, spending remained well below Mandera's Minimum Expenditure Basket (MEB) -…

Key Messages • The first weeks of 2026 have shown an alarming situation unfolding in parts of Kenya as drought conditions intensify. While the 2024 short rains already underperformed and limited recovery in the Arid and Semi-Arid…

KEY MESSAGES • The majority of households were in need in 2025, with 99% of refugee households and 91% of host and affected households reporting at least one unmet need. Severe need was particularly high among refugees…

Key Messages Food security outcomes varied across counties. Garissa and Marsabit had the highest proportion of households with acceptable Food Consumption Scores (FCS). In contract about a quarter of populations in Turkana and Mandera had "poor" FCS,…

KEY MESSAGES • At the time of the baseline data collection, the average household (HH) income was found to be Kenya shillings (Ksh) 5,169 compared to an average HH expenditure of Ksh 6,177. The average HH expenditure…

KEY MESSAGES At the time of the endline, the average household (HH) income was Kenya shillings (Ksh) 11,732 compared to Ksh 5,263 at the time of baseline. The average HH debt at the time of endline (Ksh…

KEY MESSAGES At the time of the endline data collection, findings indicate an improvement in economic well-being among households (HHs). The average HH income increased from 5,400 KES to 13,810 KES, but remains below the Minimum Expenditure…

KEY FINDINGS • The majority of both refugee households (94%) and host community households (HHs) (92%) were in need. However, a higher proportion of host community households (51%) experienced acute needs compared to refugee households (31%). • Low-income…