Assessments and Analysis

Between mid-September 2023 and the end of 2024, approximately 2.4 million Afghans returned from the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan.3 This sharp rise in return flows was driven largely by Pakistan’s “Illegal Foreigners’ Repatriation Plan”…

At the beginning of June, IOM DTM Afghanistan implemented changes to its Flow Monitoring Survey (FMS) questionnaire and sampling methodology to enhance understandings of migration pathways, socioeconomic profiles, and drivers of mobility while achieving representative FM…

Executive Summary On 3 November 2025 at 00:59 local time, an earthquake struck Northern Afghanistan near Mazar-e-Sharif, most severely affecting the provinces of Balkh and Samangan, and impacting Jawzjan, Sari Pul, Kunduz, and Baghlan. This prompted a…

Dasht e Kahdestan, an area located roughly 40 minutes east of Herat’s provincial capital, is a significant hub for displaced people and returnees seeking to rebuild their lives near the city. As part of IOM’s Area-based…

Following the impacts of four large earthquakes in Herat province in October 2023, IOM conducted a multi-sectoral needs assessment in October 2024 to better understand longitudinal post-earthquake effects in Herat’s northern Kushk district, an area that…

Sharif Osman Hadi’s assassination triggered nationwide unrest in Bangladesh, a large-scale border conflict between Thailand and Cambodia ended in a fragile ceasefire, and tensions flared in the Taiwan Strait and South China Sea. Afghanistan: The National Resistance…

Key Messages Emergency (IPC Phase 4) outcomes are likely to emerge in Faryab, Ghor, and Daykundi provinces in early 2026. Severe drought, depleted food stocks, and the seasonal absence of agricultural and casual labor will likely drive…

The Afghanistan Monitoring Report is part of FEWS NET’s ongoing efforts to evaluate agro-climatic conditions in Afghanistan. This report—the final issue of 2025 and the third assessment of the 2025/26 wet season—provides detailed technical analysis, visualizations,…

Executive Summary UNHCR’s Post‑Return Monitoring (PRM) continues to monitor the protection, well‑being and reintegration progress of Afghan returnees. In August 2025, the monitoring expanded to include returnees from Iran for the first time, alongside those from Pakistan.…

Key Messages Cumulative precipitation from October 1 through December 20, 2025, shows a contrast across the country. The west and southwest are experiencing above-average conditions. However, below-average cumulative precipitation deficits continue across the rest of the country,…